Wondering why the marginal tax bracket looks different on the Tax Report compared to your math? It may have to do with qualified income.
The marginal tax bracket applies only to ordinary income. It's common for folks to simply take the taxable income and use that to determine the applicable marginal rate.
For example, if a taxpayer has $100,000 in wage income, $20,000 in qualified dividends, and $30,000 in long-term capital gains, all three of those items are included and added together to get to a total income (Form 1040 - Line 9) and AGI (Form 1040 - Line 11) of $150,000 in this scenario.
However, that total income and AGI of $150,000 is further reduced by (in this case) a standard deduction of $27,300 (Form 1040 - Line 12), to arrive at taxable income of $122,700. Of that $122,700, only $72,700 is taxed at the marginal rate, and the remaining $50,000 is taxed at the long-term capital gains rate. Here is what that would look like on the Tax Report.
From taxable income, you must back out qualified income (long-term capital gains and qualified income) to determine how much of the taxable income is subject to ordinary income tax rates and how much of the taxable income is subject to the more favorable long-term capital gains tax rates.
Although qualified income is part of taxable income, it isn't until the tax calculation from line 16 of the 1040 when that qualified income is backed out. The qualified income is taxed at the more favorable long-term capital gains rate and the remaining ordinary income is then taxed at the marginal tax bracket corresponding to that remaining ordinary income. The instructions for Line 16 on page 37 of the 1040 Instructions from the IRS can be seen for this total tax calculation within Scenario Analysis by clicking on the calculator icon circled below next to the total tax line.
You can read more about the mechanics of the math in Scenario Analysis by checking out the article below.
Marginal Bracket Percentage in Scenario Analysis
For example, if a taxpayer has $100,000 in wage income, $20,000 in qualified dividends, and $30,000 in long-term capital gains, all three of those items are included and added together to get to a total income (Form 1040 - Line 9) and AGI (Form 1040 - Line 11) of $150,000 in this scenario.
However, that total income and AGI of $150,000 is further reduced by (in this case) a standard deduction of $27,300 (Form 1040 - Line 12), to arrive at taxable income of $122,700. Of that $122,700, only $72,700 is taxed at the marginal rate, and the remaining $50,000 is taxed at the long-term capital gains rate. Here is what that would look like on the Tax Report.
From taxable income, you must back out qualified income (long-term capital gains and qualified income) to determine how much of the taxable income is subject to ordinary income tax rates and how much of the taxable income is subject to the more favorable long-term capital gains tax rates.
Although qualified income is part of taxable income, it isn't until the tax calculation from line 16 of the 1040 when that qualified income is backed out. The qualified income is taxed at the more favorable long-term capital gains rate and the remaining ordinary income is then taxed at the marginal tax bracket corresponding to that remaining ordinary income. The instructions for Line 16 on page 37 of the 1040 Instructions from the IRS can be seen for this total tax calculation within Scenario Analysis by clicking on the calculator icon circled below next to the total tax line.
You can read more about the mechanics of the math in Scenario Analysis by checking out the article below.